Rārangi Hua o te Kakahu Kore-Whatu muka Waro

I. Ngā Painga Matua o te Hua

(1) Ngā Painga Rauemi me te Mahi

He kaha nui, he māmā hoki, he tino pai ngā āhuatanga miihini: Mā te whakamahi i ngā muka waro kounga teitei e ahu mai ana i te PAN (e ahu mai ana i te polyacrylonitrile) hei rauemi matua, ko te nui o te waro he 99.9%-99.999%, e whakaatu ana i te kaha kume tino teitei me ngā āhuatanga māmā. I raro i te kaha kotahi, ko te taumaha he 1/4 noa iho o te maitai, ka tino whakaiti i te taumaha o ngā wāhanga kua hangaia, ā, he pai mō ngā āhuatanga me ngā whakaritenga kawenga tino kaha. I muri i te whakaritenga o ngā muka mā roto i ngā tukanga motuhake, ka taea e te kaha pakaru te neke atu i te 36N/15mm, me te pumau hanganga tino pai, ā, kāore pea e rerekē, e whati rānei i roto i te wā roa.

Ātete pāmahana me te waikura, kaha ki te urutau ki te taiao: He tino manawanui ki te taiao, ka hipokina e te awhe pāmahana ratonga pumau te -60℃ ki te 2000℃, me te kaha ki te tu atu i ngā pāmahana teitei i te hau tae atu ki te 450-2000℃, te kore e mura i roto i ngā āhuatanga ahi, me te kore he pata rewa, me te ātete mura tino pai (e whakawhāiti ana i te taupū hāora 55%-65%). I taua wā anō, he pai te manawanui ki ngā waikawa, ngā kawakore, ngā momo hinu, me ngā whakarewa, me te roa o te ratonga e nui atu ana i ngā rauemi tuku iho i roto i ngā taiao waikura pēnei i roto i ngā ahumahi matū me te kaipuke.

Te kawe hiko takirua me te kawe wera, ngā āhuatanga mahi matua: He tino pai ngā āhuatanga hiko, he ātete mata 2-20Ω anake, ka taea te kawe tere i te hiko pateko hei karo i ngā tūponotanga haumaru, i ngā pakaru taputapu rānei i puta mai i te kohikohinga pateko. He nui te anisotropy o te kawe wera, he kawe wera papatahi o te 300-1500W/(m・K) me te kawe wera roa o te 20-60W/(m・K), ka taea te kawe wera pai me te tohatoha ōrite, he pai mō te whakamatao hiko, te whakamahana, me ētahi atu.

He pai mō te taiao, he hauora hoki, me ngā mahi tāpiri maha: He mea whiriwhiri rawa ngā rauemi mata, kāore he matū kino e pupuhi ana. Ka taea te whakapōturi i ētahi āhuatanga, ā, ka tutuki i ngā whakaritenga whakaputa matomato. I taua wā anō, he kaha ōna āhuatanga patu huakita, me te tere whakamate i ngā huakita noa neke atu i te 99.99%, ā, ka taea te tuku i te 500-10000an/cm³ o ngā katote kino, he mahi tukunga infrared tawhiti (tere tukunga 80%-90%), he pai mō ngā mara hauora me te hauora.

(2) Ngā Painga o te Tukanga me te Urutau

Ngā tukanga takirua e mahi tahi ana, ka taea te urutau ki ngā hiahia maha: Te matatau ki ngā tukanga matua o te miro maroke me te miro mākū. Ka taea e te tukanga mākū te whakaputa i ngā whāriki tino angiangi, he māmā ki te 4g/m², me ngā muka e whakarite matapōkeretia ana, e ōrite ana hoki hei hanga i ngā hanganga moroiti maha-paparanga, me te tere o te urunga o te kapia, ka taea te whakarei ake i te rere o waenga-paparanga me te hanga i tētahi paparanga tiaki whai rawa i te kapia; ka arotahi te tukanga maroke ki te hanga kaha-teitei, ka taea te whakarerekē i te whakatakotoranga o te muka hei whakataurite i ngā āhuatanga miihini me te pai o te tukatuka.

He māmā te tukatuka me te hototahi teitei, he nui te whakaiti i ngā utu me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga: He papatahi te mata o te hua, he ōrite te tohatoha o te muka, he hototahi ki ngā pūnaha kapia rerekē pērā i te kapia epoxy me te kapia polyester, he tika te whakamahi mō te hanga hiato, he whakaiti i ngā tukanga maimoatanga-mua. Ko te awhe taumaha e kapi ana i te 4-200g/m², he matotoru 0.02-0.8mm, e tautoko ana i te whakaritenga whānui 1-3m, he iti te uaua ki te tukatuka, he nui ake i te 98% te tere whakamahinga rauemi, ā, he whai hua te whakaiti i ngā mate whakaputa mō ngā kiritaki.

II. Ngā Horopaki Taupānga Matua

(1) Te Marae Hanga Ahumahi

Te Waka me te Rerewē: Hei rauemi whakarei ake mō ngā wāhanga mama o te tinana o te waka, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hanganga hiato pēnei i te anga o te anga me te tatau, e whakaiti ana i te taumaha o te waka hei whakapai ake i te tawhiti me te whai huatanga o te wahie; e whakamahia ana hoki hei hanga hiri ātete pāmahana teitei me te miro whakamarumaru oro miihini, e whakamahi ana i ngā āhuatanga ārai mura me te whakamarumaru wera hei whakarite i te haumaru o te kāpini me te whakaiti i te pokanoa haruru.

Te Hikohiko me te Pūngao Hou: I roto i te mara o te pākahiko, nā tōna kaha kawe hiko me ōna āhuatanga porosity teitei, he mea pai hei hikohiko, hei kaikohi rānei mō ngā pākahiko rere, ka taea te whakanui ake i te pai o te tauhohenga hikohiko mā te tekau ngā wā, te whakanui ake i te mana pākahiko me te kiato pūngao; i roto i ngā taputapu hiko, e whakamahia ana hei paparanga whakamarara wera mō ngā papa ara iahiko me ngā papa tiaki pateko, te kawe tere i te wera me te hiko pateko hei whakarite i te mahi pumau o ngā taputapu. Te Hangarau Matū me te Hanga kaipuke: Te hanga i ngā arai ā-roto ārai-pateko me ngā paparanga tiaki ātete-waikura mō ngā paipa hinu/hau me ngā tāke rokiroki matū, te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga kawe hiko hei ārai i ngā tūponotanga pahūtanga i puta mai i ngā mura pateko, me te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o ngā taputapu mā te ātete ki te waikura; i roto i te mara hanga kaipuke, ka taea te whakamahi hei rauemi mama mō ngā tinana kaipuke me ngā paparanga wehe ātete ahi, te whakataurite i te whakaiti taumaha me ngā whakaritenga tiaki haumaru.

(Te Rererangi me te Hanganga Tino Pai)

Taputapu Rererangi: Ngā rauemi whakapakari hanganga mō ngā waka rererangi mokowhiti me ngā waka rererangi pāhihi (pēnei i te A380, B747), tae atu ki ngā wāhanga hiato parirau me te tinana, e whakaiti ana i te kawenga rerenga me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te wahie mā roto i ngā āhuatanga mama; hei paparanga whakamarumaru wera hoki mō ngā amiorangi me ngā waka rererangi mokowhiti, e tiaki ana i ngā rerekētanga pāmahana tino nui me ngā pānga matūriki kaha-nui i te wāhi.

Ngā Taputapu Hākinakina me ngā Taputapu Tino Pai: He rauemi whakapakari matua mō ngā taputapu hākinakina pēnei i ngā karapu korowha, ngā raketi pēnitimana, me ngā motuka reihi, e whakarei ake ana i te kaha me te pakari o ngā taputapu me te whakaiti i te taumaha hei whakapai ake i te mahi whakahaere; i roto i ngā mara o ngā waka rererangi kore tangata me ngā pahikara tino pai, e whakamahia ana mō te hanga i te tinana me ngā wāhanga, e whakataurite ana i te pumau hanganga me te manawanui.

(Te Oranga Hauora me te Oranga o Ia Rā)

Hauora Hauora: Whakamahia mō ngā takai huakita me ngā taputapu tiaki hauora, e whakamahi ana i te tere huakita 99.99%+ hei aukati i te tipu o ngā huakita me te whakaiti i ngā tūponotanga mate; ka taea te whakamahi i ngā mahi tukunga infrared tawhiti me te tukunga katote kino i roto i ngā taputapu tiaki rongoā hei āwhina i te whakapai ake i te tohanga toto ā-rohe me te whakarei ake i ngā pānga tiaki hauora. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te whakamahi hei arai ā-roto ārai-pūmau mō ngā taputapu hauora hei whakarite i te mahi pumau o ngā taputapu tika.

Kāinga me te Tiaki: Whakamahia hei whakakī pakitara ātete oro me ngā rauemi ātete oro i roto i ngā tari me ngā hōtēra, e mimiti ana i ngā ngaru oro mā roto i te hanganga pūwero o ngā muka, e whakatutuki ana i ngā pānga whakaiti haruru nui; e hanga ana i ngā paraikete ahi me ngā kākahu ātete ahi hei taonga tiaki, e ārai ana i ngā pāmahana teitei i roto i ngā āhuatanga ahi, ā, e whakarato ana i te wā mō te mawhiti. I roto i te mara purenga hau, ka taea te hanga hei tātari whai hua, e whakakotahi ana i te tango puehu me ngā mahi patu huakita.

(Hanganga me te Pūngao)

Whakakaha Whare: Ka tukatukahia hei papanga whakapakari kotahi-angi me ngā pae muka waro, ka whakamahia hei whakapakari hanganga o ngā whare me ngā piriti, hei whakarei ake i te kaha o te whare ki te kawe i ngā āhuatanga kaha me te whakaroa i te roa o te mahi; he pai hoki mō te whakaora i ngā whare tawhito, hei whakaiti i te pānga o ngā rauemi whakapakari ki te hanganga taketake.

Ngā Taputapu Pūngao Hou: Whakamahia i roto i ngā mata o te tāpine hau, ngā rango hau i takaia ki te muka waro, me ētahi atu, mō te hanga taputapu pūngao hou, mā te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga mama me te kaha teitei hei whakarei ake i te ātete o te tāpine hau ki ngā kawenga hau me te whakaroa i te roa o te mahi a ngā rango hau; i roto i te mara pūngao o te rā, ka taea te whakamahi hei rauemi whakarei me te whakamarara wera mō ngā wāhanga photovoltaic, hei whakapai ake i te pumau o ngā taputapu me te pai o te hurihanga pūngao.

III. Te Whakarōpūtanga o te Mākete Hua

(1) Mā te Tukanga Whakaputa

Muka Waro Kore-Whatu Tukatuka-Makuku: Mā te whakamahi i te tikanga hanga tukanga-makuku, ka mararahia ngā muka waro poto ki roto i te wai, kātahi ka hangaia hei hanga i tētahi hanganga whatunga moroiti matapōkere me te ōrite. Ko ngā painga matua ko te tere o te urunga o te kapia me te mahi hipoki pai, e kapi pai ana i te pānga whakawhiti o ngā papanga kua whakapakarihia ki te muka, me ngā taumaha ka taea te whakarite ki raro ki te 4g/m² ngā whakaritenga tino-angiangi. He pai te nuinga mō te whakarerekētanga mata o ngā rauemi hiato, ngā irahiko pākahiko, me ngā āhuatanga tātari pai, me ngā rōpū kiritaki tae atu ki ngā wheketere rauemi hiko, ngā kaihanga rauemi hiato.

Muka Waro Kore-Whatu Maroke: Mā te heru me te hanga muka maroke, me te arotahi ki ngā āhuatanga miihini me te whai huatanga o te whakaputa, ka taea te whakarite i te whakatakotoranga muka kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga. He kaha teitei te hua, he tere te hanga, me te awhe taumaha o te 40-200g/m² me te matotoru o te 0.025-2mm. He pai mō te whakakaha o roto o te motuka, te whakakaha whare, ngā rauemi ātete oro, me ētahi atu, e tukuna ana ki ngā wheketere wāhanga motuka, ngā kaiwhakarato rauemi hanga, me ētahi atu.

(2) Mā te Mara Tono

Kakahu Kore-Whatu Muka Waro-Mutunga-Tiketike mō te Hanga: Me te arotahi ki ngā mara o te rererangi, ngā taputapu hākinakina, me ngā taputapu pūngao hou, me te aro nui ki te kaha teitei, te mama, me te whakaritenga, me tutuki i ētahi hua ngā paerewa kounga rererangi. Ka whakarato tautoko hangarau katoa mai i te kōwhiringa rauemi mata ki te tukatuka hua kua oti, e mahi ana ki ngā umanga tautoko rererangi, ngā kaihanga taputapu hākinakina teitei, me ngā kaihanga taputapu pūngao hou. Kakahu kore-whatu muka waro tiaki ahumahi: I hangaia mō ngā āhuatanga ahumahi pēnei i ngā motuka, ngā matū, me ngā kaipuke, e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga o te ātete pāmahana teitei, te ātete waikura, me te mahi anti-static. Ko ngā whakatakotoranga he taumaha waenga ki te taumaha teitei (50-200g/m²), ā, ka taea te whakarite i ngā mahi motuhake pēnei i te ātete mura me te ātete waikura matū. Kei roto i ngā kiritaki ko ngā kaihanga motuka, ngā wheketere taputapu matū, me ngā umanga hanga kaipuke, me ētahi atu.

He papanga muka waro kore-whatu mō te oranga o ia rā me te hauora: Ka kapi i ngā mara hauora, kāinga, me te horoi hau, me te arotahi ki te ārai mate, te haumaru, me te whakamarie. E whakarato ana i ngā hua kua whakamanahia he kai me te tohu hauora, me te taumaha o te 4-50g/m² mō ngā whakaritenga mama. Ka tukuna ki ngā wheketere taputapu hauora, ngā kaihanga hua kāinga, me ngā kamupene taputapu horoi hau, me ētahi atu.

(III) Te whakarōpūtanga mā ngā āhuatanga mahi

Momo whakapakari whānui: He kaha teitei, he māmā hoki ōna āhuatanga taketake, kāore he tāpiri mahi motuhake, he pai mō ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te whakapakari whare me te whakapakari rauemi hiato noa, he utu nui te mahi, ā, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga kaha noa.

Momo ārai-pūmau kawe hiko: Ka arotau i te whakaritenga muka hei whakarei ake i te mahi kawe hiko, te ātete mata ≤ 20Ω, e whakamahia ana mō te tiaki taputapu hiko, te arai ārai-pūmau o ngā paipa, me ētahi atu, kia tere ai te tukunga o te hiko pūmau.

Momo ātete mura-pāmahana teitei: Taupū hāora whakawhāiti ≥ 55%, ātete pāmahana teitei ≥ 450℃, he pai mō ngā rauemi ātete ahi, ngā hiri pāmahana teitei, ngā paparanga whakamarumaru miihini, me ētahi atu, i roto i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei, ātete ahi rānei.

Momo tiaki hauora paturopi: Tāpirihia ngā wāhanga paturopi, te tere paturopi ≥ 99.9%, ā, he mahi tukunga infrared tawhiti, e whakamahia ana mō ngā takai hauora, ngā taputapu tiaki hauora, me ētahi atu, i roto i te ao o ia rā me te hauora.

Neke atu i te rua tekau tau a Yongdeli Spunlaced Non-Woven Fabric Co., Ltd. e mahi ana ki te hanga papanga kore-whatu muka waro. E whakamahi ana i ngā taputapu heru kawemai me ngā tukanga miro maha hei whakarite kia ≤ 3% te hapa ōrite o ia puranga hua. Ko te kaha whakaputa ā-tau a te kamupene he 5,000 tana, ā, ka taea e ia te whakarato ratonga ritenga. Mena kei te hiahia koe ki ngā tauira, ki ngā otinga ritenga rānei, tēnā whakapā mai.