Te Tā i ngā Hua Kakahu Kore-Whatu Spunlace

I. Te Rerenga Tukanga Taipitopito o ngā Tikanga Tā e Whā

(1) Te Rere o te Tukanga Tā Mata

He tikanga tā tuku iho te tā mata e whakawhiti ana i te waituhi mā roto i te pereti tā mata ki runga i te mata o te papanga kore-whatu. He pai mō te tā tauira iti, tino tika, me te tā tauira whaiaro. Ko te tukanga motuhake koia tēnei:

Te whakarite i mua i te tānga: I runga i ngā whakaritenga tauira a te kiritaki, whakamahia ngā pūmanawa ngaio (pēnei i a Adobe Illustrator) hei hoahoa me te wehewehe tae i te tauira; kātahi ka hangaia he pereti tā mata, pania te kirikiri whakaahua-ataata kia ōrite ki runga i te mata, whakaatuhia, ka whanake hei hanga i tētahi mata i te wāhi tauira me tētahi wāhi kati i te wāhi kore-tauira, ka hangaia he pereti e ōrite ana ki te tauira.

Te maimoatanga o mua i te rauemi turanga: Tīpakohia te papanga kore-whatu i hangaia e te kamupene hei rauemi turanga (he mea noa te whakamahi i te polyester me te viscose), horoia te mata i te tuatahi (tangohia te puehu me ngā poke), kātahi ka mahi i te maimoatanga hydrophilic, i te maimoatanga anti-static rānei kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga o te waituhi hei whakapai ake i te piri i waenga i te waituhi me te rauemi turanga, kia kore ai e mimiti te waituhi me te toto i te wā e tā ana.

Te tūnga me te whakapiri: Whakapirihia te papanga kore-whatu kua tukatukahia ki runga i te tēpu tā, whakamahia he taputapu tūnga hei whakarite i te tūnga tika o te rauemi turanga, kia kore ai e puta he nekehanga i te wā tā.

Ranunga waituhi: E ai ki ngā hiahia o te kiritaki mō te tae me te pumau, whiriwhiria he waituhi wai, he waituhi whakarewa rānei e pai ana mō te taiao, whakaranua ngā tae kia ōrite te tae, tāpirihia he rongoā hei whakapakari i te piri me te ātete ki te horoi wai.

Te mahi tā: Ringihia te waituhi whakaranu ki roto i te tāke waituhi o te pereti tā mata, whakamahia he waru hei waru i te waituhi kia ōrite, kia ōrite hoki te tere i te mata o te pereti tā. Ka uru te waituhi mā roto i te mata o te pereti tā mata ki te mata o te papanga kore-whatu, ka hanga he tauira mārama. Mena e hiahiatia ana he tānga maha-tae, whakakapia te pereti tā kia rite ki te raupapa tae, me te whakahoki i te tukanga tā kia tika ai te tūnga o te tae.

Te whakamaroke me te whakaora: Ka uru te papanga kore-whatu kua tāia ki roto i te taputapu whakamaroke hau wera, ka whakatakoto i te pāmahana kia rite ki te momo waituhi (waituhi wai 60-80 ℃, waituhi whakarewa 80-100 ℃), ka whakamaroke mō te 10-30 meneti kia tino maroke te waituhi i runga i te mata o te rauemi turanga, ka whakarei ake i te pumau o te tauira me te aukati i te rere o te tae.

Tirotiro me te whakatikatika kounga: Tirohia te māramatanga, te ōritetanga o te tae, me te kore he tānga ngaro, he paru rānei o ngā tauira kua tāia, whakatikahia, whakakorea rānei ngā hua kua rahua, ā, ka uru atu ngā hua whai tohu ki te tukanga tapahi e whai ake nei.

(2) Te Rere o te Tukanga Tā Mata Porowhita

He tukanga tā tonu te tā mata porowhita mā te hurihanga o tētahi rango mata porowhita. He pai mō te whakaputa tauira nui, tonu, me te tino whai hua me te pumau o ngā tauira. Ko te tukanga motuhake koia tēnei:

Te hanga mata porowhita: E ai ki te hoahoa tauira, hangaia he mata tauira ki runga i te mata porowhita whakarewa mā te whakairo taiaho, mā te hangarau whakaahua-ataata rānei. Tāutahia ngā peera me ngā taputapu tuku ki ngā pito e rua o te mata porowhita hei whakahaere i te tā hurihuri i muri mai.

Te kawe rauemi: Ka kawe tonutia te rauemi turanga papanga kore-whatu miro ki te mīhini tā mā te taputapu wetewete, ā, mā te taputapu whakahaere kume ka whakarite kia papatahi te rauemi turanga, kia kore he kita. Ko te tere kawe e rite ana ki te tere hurihuri o te mata rango (te tikanga 5-20 m/min).

Tuku waituhi: Kua whakatūria he pūnaha tuku waituhi ki roto i ia mata rango hei werohanga tonu i te waituhi kua oti te whakarite ki roto i te mata rango. Ka uru te waituhi ki roto i te mata kōhao o te mata rango ki runga i te mata o te rauemi turanga, ko te waru i waho o te mata rango ka tango i te waituhi taikaha kia mārama ai ngā tauira.

Tānga rerekētanga maha-tae: Mō te tānga maha-tae, ka whakaritea ngā huinga mata rango maha ki roto i te mīhini tā kia rite ki te raupapa tae. Ka haere te rauemi turanga mā roto i ia huinga mata rango i roto i te raupapa hei whakaoti i te tānga paparua o ngā tae rerekē. Mā te mana tuku tika ka whakarite kia iti iho i te 0.1mm te hapa rerekētanga tae.

Te whakamaroke tonu: Ka tomo te rauemi turanga kua tāia ki roto i te kauhanga whakamaroke hau wera tonu, me te pāmahana whakamaroke o te 80-120℃. Ka whakaritea te roa whakamaroke kia rite ki te tere kawe (te tikanga 5-10 mita), kia tino maroke ai te waituhi, kia kore ai hoki te rauemi turanga e mimiti, e memeha rānei nā te pāmahana teitei.

Te tukatuka me te tapahi i muri i te maroke: I muri i te maroke, ka taea te whakaoti i ngā hua ki te ātete wai me te ārai-paru kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga. Kātahi ka tapahia kia rite ki ngā rōra, ki ngā rau rānei e ngā taputapu tapahi kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga kua whakaritea. Ka rongoatia ngā hua whai tohu ki roto i te whare putunga.

(III) Te Rere o te Tukanga Tā Whakawhiti Wera

Ko te tānga whakawhiti wera he tukanga e whakawhiti ana i te tauira mai i te pepa whakawhiti ki te mata o te papanga kore-whatu miro mā te pāmahana teitei. He pai mō ngā tauira uaua me te tino tika, he tino pai ki te tā tae whakarara me te tā tauira pai. Ko te tukanga motuhake koia tēnei:

Te hanga pepa whakawhiti: Ka tāia te tauira kua hoahoatia e te kiritaki ki runga i te pepa whakawhiti motuhake mā te whakamahi i tētahi taputapu tā mamati. Kōwhiria te waituhi whakamahana kia mārama ai ngā tae tauira, kia mārama ai hoki ngā taipitopito. Me whakamaroke te pepa whakawhiti kia kore ai e piri te waituhi.

Te maimoatanga o mua mō te rauemi turanga: Kōwhiria he rauemi turanga papanga kore-whatu e tika ana (pērā i te polyester, i te rauemi turanga whakaranu kei roto he polyester rānei, nā te mea he kaha ake te piri o te waituhi whakamahana ki ngā muka polyester). Whakamaeneenehia te mata hei tango i ngā kita me ngā poke, kia mau ai te piri o te tauira i te wā e whakawhitia ana.

Whakawhiti pēhi wera: Whakaritea te taha tānga tauira o te pepa whakawhiti ki te mata o te papanga kore-whatu miro, ka whakanoho ki roto i te mīhini tā whakawhiti wera. Whakatakotoria ngā tawhā pēhi wera (pāmahana 160-200℃, pēhanga 0.5-1.5MPa, wā 10-30 hēkona). Mā roto i te pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei, ka whakatō te waituhi i runga i te pepa whakawhiti ki roto i ngā muka o te papanga kore-whatu miro, ka hanga te tauira.

Te whakamatao me te tihore: Kia oti te pēhi wera, ka tukuna te hua ki te pūrere whakamatao kia tere te whakamatao (ki te pāmahana rūma). Kātahi ka tihorea te pepa whakawhiti mai i te mata o te rauemi turanga. I tēnei wā, kua nekehia te tauira ki te mata o te papanga kore-whatu, me te kore he waituhi toenga.

Tirotiro kounga: Tirohia te mārama o te tauira, te tika o te whakaputa tae, me te mea he whakawhiti ngaro, he pōuri rānei. Whakamātauria te ātete horoi wai o te tauira (horoia kia 5-10 ngā wā, kaua e kitea te memeha o te tae). Ka uru ngā hua kua tohua ki te wāhanga tukatuka e whai ake nei.

(IV) Te Rere o te Tukanga Tā Mamati

Ko te tānga matihiko he tukanga e tā tika ana i ngā tauira ki runga i te mata o te papanga kore-whatu miro mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūreretā matihiko, me te kore e hiahiatia he pereti tā. He tino ngāwari, ā, he pai mō ngā ota iti, ngā ota whaiaro, me ngā ota tere kua whakaritea. Ko te tukanga motuhake koia tēnei:

Te tukatuka mamati tauira: Ka tukatukahia te tauira a te kiritaki e ngā pūmanawa ngaio (pēnei i a Photoshop, CorelDRAW) hei whakatikatika i te taumira (te nuinga o te wā 300-600dpi), hei whakatikatika tae hei whakarite i te whakaputanga tae tika me ngā taipitopito mārama i muri i te tā.

Te whakarite rauemi turanga: Kōwhiria he rauemi turanga papanga kore-whatu spunlace. E ai ki te momo pūreretā (piezoelectric, thermal foam), mahia he maimoatanga paninga mata (pēnei i te paninga i tētahi paparanga mimiti-waituhi), hei whakapai ake i te mimiti o te rauemi turanga mō te waituhi, hei karo hoki i te paru me te horapa o te waituhi i te wā e tā ana. Te tautuhinga tawhā tā: Whakatakotoria ngā tawhā tā i roto i te pūnaha whakahaere mīhini tā matihiko, tae atu ki te tika o te tā, te horopeta waituhi, te tere tā (te tikanga 1-5m/min), whakatikatikahia te teitei o te pūwero tā kia rite ki te matotoru o te papa, me te whakarite kia tika te tawhiti i waenga i te pūwero me te papa (te tikanga 1-3mm).

Tānga tika: Whakapirihia te papanga kore-whatu kua oti te tukatuka ki te whitiki kawe pūreretā, tīmatahia te taputapu, ā, ka rehu tika te waituhi o te pūwero pūreretā ki te mata o te papa e ai ki te tauira matihiko, ka hanga tauira tonu. Mena e hiahiatia ana he tānga maha-tae, ka rehu te waituhi o te pūwero i te raupapa tae kia tutuki ai te whakakikoruatanga tae.

Te whakamaroke me te whakapiri: Ka uru ngā hua tā ki roto i ngā taputapu whakamaroke, ka whakamaroke mā te hau wera, mā te whakamaroke rānei i te infrared (te pāmahana 60-90℃, te wā 5-15 meneti), hei whakapakeke wawe i te waituhi, hei whakapai ake i te roa o te tauira, me te karo hoki i te piri o te waituhi.

Tukatuka-muri: E ai ki ngā whakaritenga, mahia he maimoatanga whakangawari, he maimoatanga ārai-pūmau rānei, kātahi ka tapahia, ka tirotirohia, ka rongoatia ngā hua whai tohu.

II. Ngā painga whānui o te papanga kore-whatu miro tānga

Teitei o te whakaritenga tauira: E whā ngā tikanga tā e kapi ana i ngā āhuatanga katoa mai i te tae kotahi ngāwari ki te tae maha matatini, mai i te whakaputa puranga ki te whakaritenga puranga iti. Ahakoa he tohu motuhake ki te kiritaki, he tauira kaupapa hakari, he tae whakarara, he tauira pai rānei, ka taea katoa ēnei mā roto i ngā tikanga e rite ana, e whakatutuki ana i ngā hiahia hoahoa whaiaro o ngā ahumahi rerekē, me te āwhina i ngā kiritaki o muri mai ki te hanga hua rerekē.

Te whakaputa tae kanapa, whai rawa hoki: Mā te whakamahi i te waituhi pono-teitei e pai ana mō te taiao me te hangarau tā matatau, he teitei te whakaputa tae o ngā tauira, ka taea te whakaatu i te 1670 miriona tae. Ina koa, he pai te mahi a te tā whakawhiti wera me te tā mamati i roto i ngā tae whakarara me ngā whakawhiti tae, ka tika te whakaputa i ngā tae o te tauira hoahoa, ka ātaahua ake te āhua o te hua, he pai mō ngā mara e aro ana ki te tirohanga pēnei i te whakapaipai, ngā taonga kāinga, me ngā koha.

He whānui te urutau o ngā tukanga: Mō ngā rahi ota me te uaua o ngā tauira, ka taea te whiriwhiri i ngā tikanga tā ngāwari. Ko ngā ota iti (mai i ngā tekau mita ki ngā rau mita), ko ngā ota whaiaro e pai ake ana ki te tā mata, ki te tā matihiko rānei; ko ngā ota nui (mai i ngā mano mita ki ngā tekau mano mita), ko ngā tauira tonu e pai ake ana ki te tā mata porowhita; ko ngā ota uaua me ngā ota pai, tae-whakarerekē e pai ake ana ki te tā whakawhiti wera, kia pai ai te taurite o te whai huatanga o te whakaputa me te utu.

He tino pakari te tauira: Mā te arotau i te tauira waituhi me te tukanga whakamaroke, he pai te ātete horoi wai, te ātete kakahu, me te ātete mārama o ngā tauira. Whai muri i te whakamātautau, ka whakaatuhia e te hua he tohu memeha tae o te paerewa GB/T 3921-2008 4 taumata, neke atu rānei, i muri i te horoinga wai noa (te pāmahana wai 30-40℃, te horoinga 5-15 wā); i roto i te whakamātautau pakū (whakamātautau pakū Martindele), i muri i te 500 wā o te waku, kāore he pakūnga tauira e kitea ana, kia mau tonu ai te āhua o te hua i muri i te whakamahinga roa.

III. Ngā āhuatanga matua o te papanga kore-whatu miro tānga

He pai mō te taiao, he haumaru hoki, kāore he tūponotanga: Kōwhiria he waituhi pai mō te taiao e tutuki ana i ngā ture EU REACH me te GB 18401-2010 "Ngā Whakatakotoranga Hangarau Haumaru Taketake mō te Hua Kakahu ā-Motu" (pēnei i te waituhi wai, te waituhi whakawhiti wera), kāore he matū paitini, he matū kino rānei e tukuna ana i te wā o te tukanga whakaputa, kāore he formaldehyde, he toenga konganuku taumaha rānei i roto i te hua, kāore he riri ki te kiri, he pai mō ngā āhuatanga he nui ngā whakaritenga haumaru pēnei i ngā hua pēpi, te tiaki hauora, ngā mea whakapaipai.

Te tiaki i ngā āhuatanga pai o te rauemi turanga: Ka hangaia e te tukanga tā he tauira ki runga i te mata o te rauemi turanga me te kore e kino te hanganga muka taketake o te papanga kore-whatu spunlace, kia mau tonu ai te ngawari, te manawa, me ngā āhuatanga pai ki te kiri. Whai muri i te whakamātautau, ka heke noa te manawa o te papanga kore-whatu spunlace kua tāia mā te 5%-10% (he iti iho i te toharite o te ahumahi he 15%-20% te whakahekenga), kia kore ai e pāngia te whakamarie o te whakamahinga, he pai mō ngā hua akuaku, te tiaki i ngā wāhine, me ētahi atu. He ngāwari te whakaputa: Kāore e hiahiatia te whakaputa pereti tā uaua mō te tā matihiko me te tā mata. He poto te huringa whakakapinga tauira (ka taea e te tā matihiko te whakatutuki i te "tānga anō tonu", ko te whakaputa pereti tā mata he 1-2 noa iho ngā rā). Ka taea te whakautu tere ki ngā ota tere a ngā kiritaki me ngā hiahia whakarerekētanga hoahoa. Ko te tā mata porowhita e hiahia ana ki te whakaputa mata porowhita, engari he teitei te pai o te whakaputa puranga, ka taea te whakatutuki i te tuku tere o ngā ota nui. Ko te ngāwari whakaputa whānui e kapi ana i ngā hiahia rerekē o ngā kiritaki.

Ngā āhuatanga tono kanorau: Mā te whakakotahitanga o te momonatanga o ngā tauira me te mahi tino pai o te papa ka taea e ngā hua te whai hua mō ngā āhuatanga ahumahi rerekē. Mai i ngā taputapu ataahua o ia rā, ngā hua akuaku, ki te whakapaipai kāinga, te takai koha, ki te tiaki hauora, ngā hua o waho, ka taea e ēnei katoa te whakatutuki i te āhua me ngā whakaritenga mahi o ia āhuatanga mā roto i ngā tukanga tā me ngā hoahoa tauira rerekē.

V. Awhe taumaha o te papanga kore-whatu miro kua tāia

Ko te papanga kore-whatu spunlace tānga i hangaia e Changshu Yongdeli spunlace Non-Woven Fabric Co., Ltd. he awhe taumaha ka taea te whakarerekē ngāwari kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga o te papa me ngā whakaritenga o te tukanga tā, e kapi ana i te 25g/㎡ - 120g/㎡. Ko ngā āhuatanga o ia awhe taumaha me ngā tukanga tā me ngā horopaki e tika ana koia ēnei:

Ngā hua taumaha iti (25g/㎡ - 45g/㎡): He māmā, he angiangi te kakano, he mata papanga pai, he pai te manawa, he pai mō te tā mata me te tā matihiko (puranga iti, tauira pai). E whakamahia ana mō ngā mata hua akuaku (pēnei i te mata o ngā nāpi pēpi papai, ngā hua akuaku wahine, e whakarei ake ana i te ataahua mā te tā i ngā tauira māmā), ngā hua tiaki ataahua (pēnei i ngā papa whakapaipai, ngā papa tango whakapaipai, te tā i ngā waitohu waitohu, ngā tauira māmā rānei), ngā paparanga o roto o ngā kopare hauora (te tā i ngā tauira tae mārama hei whakarei ake i te mōhiotanga hua), me ētahi atu, e pāngia ana e te matotoru me te taumaha.

Ngā hua taumaha-waenga (46g/㎡ - 80g/㎡): He whakakotahi i te māmā me te kaha, he papatahi te papanga, he pai mō ngā tukanga tā e whā (tā mata porowhita hei tukanga matua, whakaputa puranga; tā whakawhiti wera hei tukanga āwhina, tauira uaua). He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā papa horoi mākū (pēnei i ngā horoi pēpi kounga teitei, ngā horoi mākū tiaki pakeke, te tā i ngā tauira pakiwaituhi, ngā tohutohu rānei), ngā kakahu horoi kāinga (pēnei i ngā kakahu horoi kīhini, ngā kakahu horoi kaukau, te tā i ngā tauira whakapaipai tae kanapa), ngā paparanga whakapaipai o ngā takai hauora (pēnei i te mata o ngā whitiki whakapiri, te tā i ngā tauira māmā hei whakamama i te mamae hinengaro o ngā tūroro), ngā arai o roto mō ngā takai koha (pēnei i ngā mea whakapaipai, ngā arai o roto mō ngā takai whakapaipai, te tā i ngā tauira waitohu hei whakapai ake i te kounga) me ētahi atu.

Ngā hua taumaha-nui (81g/㎡ - 120g/㎡): Matotoru noa, kaha-nui, pakari-pai, he pai mō te tā mata porowhita me te tā whakawhiti wera (hanga puranga, tauira uaua). E pā ana ki ngā rauemi whakapaipai kāinga (pēnei i ngā tauera tēpu, ngā tauera, ngā papanga ārai, e whakarei ake ana i te pānga whakapaipai mā te tā i ngā wāhi nui o ngā tauira), ngā papanga takai ahumahi (pēnei i ngā papanga takai hua hiko-mutunga teitei, ngā papanga takai koha, te tā i ngā tohu waitohu, ngā tauira whakatūpato tiaki rānei), ngā papa hua o waho (pēnei i ngā arai o roto o te tēneti o waho māmā, papanga tiaki rā, te tā i ngā tauira tiaki UV, ngā tohu waitohu rānei) me ētahi atu, he nui ngā whakaritenga mō te kaha me te pakari.

VI. Te whānuitanga o te mākete e pā ana ki te papanga kore-whatu miro tānga

Te mākete ataahua me te tiaki whaiaro: Koinei te kaupapa matua o te papanga kore-whatu spunlace tānga, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā painga o ngā tauira whaiaro me ngā papa e pai ana ki te kiri, ā, koinei te whiringa pai mō ngā hua ataahua teitei. Ko ngā hua taumaha iti (25 - 35g/㎡) e whakamahia ana mō ngā papa whakapaipai, ngā papa tango whakapaipai, te tā i ngā waitohu waitohu, ngā tauira māmā rānei hei whakarei ake i te mōhiotanga hua me te ataahua; ko ngā hua taumaha reo (40 - 50g/㎡) e whakamahia ana mō ngā tauera kanohi whakakorekore, mā te whakamahi i te tā whakawhiti wera hei tā i ngā tauira rōnaki, i ngā whakaahua pakiwaituhi rānei, e hangai ana ki ngā manakohanga ataahua o ngā kaihoko taitamariki, hei tauira, i muri i te tango a tētahi waitohu ataahua rongonui i te papanga kore-whatu spunlace tānga 35g/㎡ me ngā waitohu waitohu mō ngā tauera kanohi, ka piki ake ngā hoko hua mā te 28%.

Mākete hua akuaku: I roto i te mara o ngā hua akuaku teitei, ka whakarei ake te papanga kore-whatu miro-tāia i te uara o te hua mā te hoahoa tauira. Ka whakamahia ngā hua taumaha-iti (30-40g/㎡) hei paparanga mata o ngā nāpi pēpi teitei, e whakaatu ana i te tānga mata porowhita o ngā tauira pakiwaituhi me ngā whakaahua kararehe hei whakarei ake i te ataahua o te hua me te kore e pā ki tōna manawa; mō te paparanga mata o ngā hua akuaku wāhine, ka whakamahia ngā hua he taumaha 35-45g/㎡, e whakaatu ana i ngā tauira tae mārama, i ngā hoahoa māmā rānei hei wawahi i te hoha o ngā hua akuaku tuku iho me te whakatutuki i ngā tono a ngā kaihoko teitei; mō ngā hua kore-mimi pakeke, ka whakamahia ngā hua he taumaha 50-60g/㎡, e whakaatu ana i ngā tauira iti hei whakataurite i te ataahua me te whaihua.

Mākete Kāinga me te Whakapaipai: I te pikinga ake o ngā tono a ngā kaihoko mō te ataahua o te kāinga, kei te whānui haere tonu te whakamahinga o te papanga kore-whatu miro tā i roto i te rāngai kāinga. Ka whakamahia ngā hua taumaha-waenga (50-70g/㎡) mō ngā kakahu horoi kāinga, pērā i ngā kakahu horoi kīhini e whakamahi ana i te tā mata porowhita o ngā tauira hua tae me ngā tauira āhuahanga, me ngā kakahu horoi kaukau e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga moana me ngā tauira tipu, e hanga ana i ngā hua horoi hei wāhanga o te whakapaipai kāinga; ka whakamahia ngā hua taumaha-teitei (80-100g/㎡) mō ngā tauera tēpu me ngā whāriki takotoranga, e whakamahi ana i te tā whakawhiti wera hei tā i ngā tauira uaua me ngā hoahoa tawhito, e whakakapi ana i ngā tauera tēpu kirihou tuku iho, e whakakotahi ana i te atawhai taiao me te whakapaipai, e tika ana mō ngā huihuinga whānau me ngā hakari hōtēra; ka whakamahia e ngā papanga ārai me ngā papanga whakapaipai pakitara ngā hua 100-120g/㎡, e tā ana i ngā tauira nui hei hanga i te āhuarangi kāinga whaiaro.

Te Mākete Tākai Koha me ngā Hua Ahurea: I roto i te mara o te tākai koha me ngā hua ahurea, kua noho te papanga kore-whatu kua tāia hei whakakapi mō ngā rauemi tākai tuku iho, nā te mea he pai ki te taiao me ngā tauira kanorau. Ko ngā hua he taumaha waenga ki te taumaha teitei (60-90g/㎡) ka whakamahia hei arai o roto mō ngā tākai koha (pēnei i ngā whakapaipai, ngā mātiti, me ngā tākai whakapaipai kounga teitei), ā, mā te tānga mamati, te tānga whakawhiti wera rānei, ka tāia ngā tauira waitohu me ngā tauira kaupapa hararei (pēnei i ngā huānga Kirihimete me te Hakari Koanga) hei whakarei ake i te ataahua o ngā koha; Ko ngā hua ahurea (pēnei i ngā uhi pukatuhi, ngā putea hoa-taiao, ngā tautau whakapaipai) ka whakamahi i ngā hua 50-70g/㎡, ka tā i ngā tauira whaiaro me ngā whakaahua whakaahua hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia whaiaro o ngā kaihoko. Hei tauira, i whakamahia e tētahi whare toi ahurea te putea hoa-taiao 60g/㎡ a te kamupene me ngā tauira whakaahua, ā, ka hokona katoatia te hua i te wā i whakarewahia ai.

Mākete Hauora me te Tiaki: I roto i te ao hauora, he pai te papanga kore-whatu miro kua tāia mō ngā āhuatanga hauora waenga me te taumata teitei mā roto i ngā tukanga tā haumaru me te taiao. Ko ngā hua he taumaha reo (50-60g/㎡) e whakamahia ana mō ngā paparanga whakapaipai o ngā takai hauora (pērā i te mata o ngā takai), ā, ko te tā mata e whakamahia ana hei tā i ngā tauira māmā tae mārama hei whakamama i te mamae hinengaro o ngā tūroro, i te mea ka tutuki ngā hua i ngā paerewa haumaru hauora (kāore he formaldehyde, he toenga konganuku taumaha); Ko te papanga tiaki hauora māmā e whakamahi ana i ngā hua 60-70g/㎡, e tā ana i ngā tohu hōhipera me ngā tauira ārai, e whakarei ake ana i te mōhiotanga hua, ā, e tika ana mō ngā āhuatanga o waho me te pokapū hauora.